**Step 1: Identify the relevant industry** VERBUND AG is an Austrian electricity company, primarily focused on hydropower generation and electricity trading/grid operations. Given its operations in power generation, transmission, and trading, it falls under the **Unregulated Power And Gas** or **Regulated Utilities** sector depending on the segment. As per the S&P methodology for unregulated power and gas or regulated utilities, the core ratio for transportation infrastructure is FFO to debt, but for Unregulated Power & Gas and Regulated Utilities, FFO to debt is a primary metric. We will apply the general S&P corporate ratio adjustments, as no specific contradictory adjustments are prescribed for the ratio formulas in this section. **Step 2: Estimate Adjusted EBITDA** We start with the reported EBITDA for the 2022 fiscal year (ending 2023-01-01). - Reported EBITDA = 3,160,679,000 EUR - Adjustment for leases: S&P typically adds back 1/3 of operating lease rent expenses to EBITDA. The data provides "Payments Of Lease Liabilities Classified As Financing Activities" (11,447,000 EUR) but not the exact operating lease rent. Since IFRS 16 mostly moved leases to financing, and no operating rent is given, we make no lease add-back. - Nonrecurring items / Pension adjustments: No specific values for nonrecurring losses/gains or pension deficits are detailed to adjust. - Joint venture proportional EBITDA: Share of profit from associates is 4,293,000 EUR. No proportional EBITDA is given, so we make no major adjustment. Adjusted_EBITDA = 3,160,679,000 EUR **Step 3: Estimate FFO** FFO is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA minus cash interest and cash taxes. - Cash Interest: From cash flow statement, "Interest Paid Classified As Operating Activities" = 36,100,000 EUR - Cash Taxes: From cash flow statement, "Income Taxes Paid Classified As Operating Activities" = 343,100,000 EUR FFO = Adjusted_EBITDA - cash_interest - cash_taxes FFO = 3,160,679,000 - 36,100,000 - 343,100,000 FFO = 2,781,479,000 EUR **Step 4: Estimate Adjusted Debt** Adjusted Debt is calculated as reported debt plus leases, plus pension deficit, plus other debt-like items, minus eligible cash. - Reported Debt: Sum of noncurrent and current financial liabilities. Noncurrent Financial Liabilities (2023-01-01) = 2,844,559,000 EUR Current Financial Liabilities (2023-01-01) = 1,109,297,000 EUR Total Reported Debt = 3,953,856,000 EUR - Leases: Under IFRS 16, right-of-use assets are recorded, and the lease liabilities are typically part of debt-like items. However, lease liabilities are usually found in payables or provisions unless specified. Looking at the balance sheet, Noncurrent Payables (563,379,000) and Current Payables (1,035,805,000) could include them, but without explicit lease liability lines, we rely on standard reported financial liabilities to avoid double counting. No additional lease adjustment is added. - Pension deficit / Guarantees / Hybrid debt: No specific data provided for these adjustments. - Eligible Cash: Cash and cash equivalents = 409,252,000 EUR. S&P allows deduction of cash that is not restricted and necessary for operations. We deduct the reported cash. Adjusted_Debt = (Total Reported Debt) - eligible_cash Adjusted_Debt = 3,953,856,000 - 409,252,000 Adjusted_Debt = 3,544,604,000 EUR **Step 5: Calculate FFO / Adjusted Debt ratio** FFO / Adjusted_Debt = 2,781,479,000 / 3,544,604,000 FFO / Adjusted_Debt = 0.7847118... Rounding to four decimal places: 0.7847 0.7847