To estimate the S&P-adjusted FFO-to-debt ratio for Terna S.p.A. for the fiscal year 2022, we follow these steps: ### 1. Industry Identification Terna S.p.A. is the Italian transmission system operator (TSO) for electricity. Based on the industry descriptions provided, it falls under the **Regulated Utilities** sector. ### 2. Adjusted_EBITDA Estimation We reconstruct EBITDA using the provided income statement items: * **Operating Profit (EBIT):** 1,333,500,000 EUR * **Depreciation/Amortization:** 725,700,000 EUR * **EBITDA:** 1,333,500,000 + 725,700,000 = 2,059,200,000 EUR * **Adjustments:** We include standard operating items. No significant non-recurring items or major lease adjustments provided. * **Adjusted_EBITDA = 2,059,200,000 EUR** ### 3. FFO Estimation * **Adjusted_EBITDA:** 2,059,200,000 EUR * **Cash Interest Paid:** The report specifies "Interest Paid Classified As Operating Activities" as 154,800,000 EUR. * **Cash Taxes Paid:** The report specifies "Income Taxes Paid Refund Classified As Operating Activities" as 380,100,000 EUR. * **FFO = Adjusted_EBITDA - Cash Interest - Cash Taxes** * **FFO = 2,059,200,000 - 154,800,000 - 380,100,000 = 1,524,300,000 EUR** ### 4. Adjusted_Debt Estimation * **Reported Debt:** Includes Long-term borrowings (8,835,000,000) + Short-term borrowings (1,947,000,000) + Current portion of long-term (1,640,000,000) = 12,422,000,000 EUR. * **Hybrid_debt_portion:** S&P generally treats hybrids as 50% equity/50% debt. Hybrid bonds are 989,000,000 EUR. 50% = 494,500,000 EUR. * **Gross Debt:** 12,422,000,000 + 494,500,000 = 12,916,500,000 EUR. * **Eligible Cash:** Cash and Cash Equivalents = 1,566,800,000 EUR. (Note: Per S&P utility methodology, cash is typically netted against debt). * **Adjusted_Debt = 12,916,500,000 - 1,566,800,000 = 11,349,700,000 EUR** ### 5. Calculation * **Ratio = FFO / Adjusted_Debt** * **Ratio = 1,524,300,000 / 11,349,700,000 ≈ 0.134303** 0.1343