To estimate the S&P-adjusted FFO-to-debt ratio for Acciona SA for the fiscal year 2022, we follow the prescribed workflow: ### 1. Identify Industry Acciona SA is a Spanish conglomerate heavily involved in renewable energy (Acciona Energía), water management, and large infrastructure projects. Following S&P methodology for corporate issuers, we treat its diversified operations primarily through a corporate lens, ensuring we include standard adjustments for leases and cash. ### 2. Estimate Adjusted_EBITDA * **Reported Profit from Operating Activities:** 1,334,000,000 EUR * **Add: Dotación amortización y variación de provisiones:** 762,000,000 EUR * **EBITDA (approx):** 2,096,000,000 EUR * *Note:* S&P typically adds back lease expenses. We have lease payments: * Interest portion (Finance costs include lease interest): 256,000,000 (total). * Principal portion of leases (financing cash flows): 120,000,000 EUR. * **Adjusted_EBITDA:** 2,096,000,000 + 120,000,000 (approx. rental/lease impact) = 2,216,000,000 EUR. ### 3. Estimate FFO * **Adjusted_EBITDA:** 2,216,000,000 EUR * **Cash Interest:** 209,000,000 EUR (Interest paid classified as operating activities) * **Cash Taxes:** 215,000,000 EUR * **FFO:** 2,216,000,000 - 209,000,000 - 215,000,000 = 1,792,000,000 EUR ### 4. Estimate Adjusted_Debt * **Reported Debt (Noncurrent + Current Loans):** * Noncurrent loans received: 2,624,000,000 * Current loans received: 553,000,000 * Other noncurrent financial liabilities (Participaciones): 3,101,000,000 * Other current financial liabilities (Participaciones): 1,139,000,000 * Total: 7,417,000,000 EUR * **Lease Liabilities:** 439,000,000 (noncurrent) + 72,000,000 (current) = 511,000,000 EUR * **Gross Debt:** 7,417,000,000 + 511,000,000 = 7,928,000,000 EUR * **Less Eligible Cash:** Cash and Cash Equivalents (2,360,000,000) * **Adjusted_Debt:** 7,928,000,000 - 2,360,000,000 = 5,568,000,000 EUR ### 5. Calculate Ratio * **FFO / Adjusted_Debt:** 1,792,000,000 / 5,568,000,000 = 0.321839... Rounding to four decimal places, we get 0.3218. 0.3218