To calculate the S&P-adjusted FFO-to-debt ratio for REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais, SGPS, S.A. for 2022, we follow the steps provided: ### 1. Identify Industry REN is a regulated utility operating national electricity and gas transmission networks in Portugal. It fits the **Regulated Utilities** methodology. ### 2. Estimate Adjusted_EBITDA * **Operating Profit (EBIT):** 239,721,000 EUR * **Depreciation and Amortization:** 249,276,000 EUR * **EBITDA (reported):** 239,721,000 + 249,276,000 = 488,997,000 EUR * **Pension/Normalization Adjustments:** S&P generally adjusts for pension costs. Given the provided "Changes In Other Provisions" (-2,230,000), we stick to the core EBITDA. * **Adjusted_EBITDA ≈ 488,997,000 EUR** ### 3. Estimate FFO * **FFO = EBITDA - Cash Interest - Cash Taxes** * **Cash Interest:** Interest paid (Financing activities) = 40,545,000 EUR * **Cash Taxes:** Income taxes paid = 77,970,000 EUR * **FFO = 488,997,000 - 40,545,000 - 77,970,000 = 370,482,000 EUR** ### 4. Estimate Adjusted_Debt * **Reported Debt:** * Longterm Borrowings: 2,390,852,000 EUR (2022 figure) * Current Borrowings (including current portion): 375,221,000 EUR * Total Reported Debt = 2,766,073,000 EUR * **Adjustments:** * Leases: The provided cash flow for "Payments Of Lease Liabilities" is 2,157,000. Under S&P methodology, lease debt is roughly (Lease payments * 8) = 17,256,000. * Pension Deficit: Noncurrent Provisions For Employee Benefits = 94,109,000 EUR. * **Gross Debt:** 2,766,073,000 + 17,256,000 + 94,109,000 = 2,877,438,000 EUR * **Eligible Cash:** Cash and Cash Equivalents = 398,759,000 EUR * **Adjusted_Debt = 2,877,438,000 - 398,759,000 = 2,478,679,000 EUR** ### 5. Calculate Ratio * **FFO / Adjusted_Debt = 370,482,000 / 2,478,679,000 = 0.149467...** Rounding to four decimal places: 0.1495