To estimate the S&P-adjusted debt-to-EBITDA ratio for Ørsted A/S for 2022, we follow the prescribed workflow: ### 1. Industry Identification Ørsted A/S is primarily a developer and operator of offshore and onshore wind farms, solar farms, energy storage facilities, and bioenergy plants. Given its focus on renewable power generation and supply, it falls under the **Unregulated Power and Gas** industry methodology. ### 2. Estimate Adjusted_Debt Following the provided methodology for corporations/utilities: * **Reported Debt:** Includes Longterm Borrowings (31,502M) + Shortterm Borrowings (19,493M) = 50,995M DKK. * **Leases:** Noncurrent Lease Liabilities (6,812M) + Current Lease Liabilities (720M) = 7,532M DKK. * **Hybrid Debt Portion:** We treat hybrid capital as 50% debt under S&P guidelines for "intermediate" equity content. Hybrid Capital (2022) = 17,984M DKK. 50% = 8,992M DKK. * **Eligible Cash:** Reported Cash = 8,624M DKK. S&P generally nets cash after applying a haircut (typically 10-20% for operational needs), but for a simplified calculation, we use the reported cash. * **Adjusted_Debt Calculation:** $50,995 + 7,532 + 8,992 - 8,624 = 58,895M DKK$ ### 3. Estimate Adjusted_EBITDA * **Reported EBITDA:** 24,296M DKK (from the 2021-2022 comparative figure provided for 2021, however, the fact sheet provides 2022 data directly: "Profit Loss From Operating Activities Before Interest Taxes Depreciation And Amortisation Expense" for 2022 = 32,057M DKK). * **Adjustments:** * Lease adjustments: The interest and depreciation related to IFRS 16 leases are typically added back to EBITDA. The payments (582M) are a proxy for the lease expense. * Nonrecurring Items: The "Gains Losses On Disposals Of Investments" (331M) and "Other Expense By Nature" (4,963M). Following S&P's approach to normalizing, we keep the operating EBITDA as the primary base. * **Adjusted_EBITDA Calculation:** $32,057M DKK (Reported EBITDA)$ ### 4. Calculate Adjusted_Debt / Adjusted_EBITDA * Ratio = $58,895 / 32,057 = 1.837$ Rounding to two decimal places: **1.84** 1.84