I need to calculate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for 2022 using S&P methodology.

First, let me identify the relevant data and understand S&P methodology for Net Debt/EBITDA.

**S&P Methodology for Net Debt:**
Net Debt = Short-term financial debt + Long-term financial debt + Current portion of long-term debt - Cash and cash equivalents - Marketable securities/liquid investments

From the balance sheet data (2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01, so year-end 2022):

**Debt components at 2023-01-01 (end of 2022):**
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities: 142,437,000 EUR
- Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities: 6,402,913,000 EUR
- Other Current Financial Liabilities: 290,000 EUR
- Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 34,000 EUR

Wait - let me check if there are other debt-like items. Let me look more carefully.

Actually, for S&P methodology, I need to be more careful. Let me check what "Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities" includes - this likely includes bank debt, bonds due within 1 year, etc.

Looking at the structure:
- "Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities" 2023-01-01: 142,437,000 EUR
- "Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities" 2023-01-01: 6,402,913,000 EUR

These seem to be the main debt items. Let me also check if there are lease liabilities or other debt-like items that should be included.

For S&P methodology, typically:
- Gross Debt = Short-term borrowings + Long-term borrowings + Current portion of long-term debt + Commercial paper + Bank overdrafts + Lease liabilities (sometimes)

But looking at the data, I need to check if lease liabilities are included in these line items or in "Other Current/Noncurrent Financial Liabilities" or elsewhere.

From the cash flow statement, I see "Cash Outflow For Leases" which suggests leases are a separate item. In many IFRS reports, lease liabilities are included in financial liabilities.

Let me check the 2022-01-01 (beginning of 2022) and 2023-01-01 (end of 2022) values:

**At 2023-01-01 (end of 2022):**
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities: 142,437,000 EUR
- Other Current Financial Liabilities: 290,000 EUR
- Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities: 6,402,913,000 EUR
- Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 34,000 EUR

Total Financial Debt = 142,437,000 + 290,000 + 6,402,913,000 + 34,000 = 6,545,674,000 EUR

**Cash and liquid assets at 2023-01-01:**
- Cash And Cash Equivalents: 451,946,000 EUR
- Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets: 5,770,000 EUR (this looks like marketable securities/liquid investments)

Net Debt = 6,545,674,000 - 451,946,000 - 5,770,000 = 6,087,958,000 EUR

Wait - I need to check if "Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets" is truly liquid. The name suggests these are financial assets, likely fairly liquid. Let me also check "Other Current Financial Assets" at 17,455,000 EUR.

Actually, looking more carefully at S&P methodology, they typically include:
- Cash and cash equivalents
- Short-term marketable securities/liquid investments

"Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets" = 5,770,000 EUR (with 2,246,000 related parties)
"Other Current Financial Assets" = 17,455,000 EUR

For S&P, cash-like items would include cash and highly liquid investments. The "Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets" seems to be separate from cash and likely includes things like short-term deposits or marketable securities.

Let me be more conservative and include only clearly liquid items:
- Cash And Cash Equivalents: 451,946,000 EUR
- Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets: 5,770,000 EUR (these are likely liquid financial assets)

Total liquid assets = 457,716,000 EUR

Net Debt = 6,545,674,000 - 457,716,000 = 6,087,958,000 EUR

Hmm, but I need to check if I should use average net debt or year-end net debt. S&P typically uses year-end net debt for this ratio, or sometimes average. For annual reports, they often use the latest period end.

Actually, for the year 2022, I should check if we need beginning or end of year. The ratio is typically calculated with year-end debt and annual EBITDA. Let me use 2023-01-01 (end of 2022) for debt and 2022 annual EBITDA.

**Now for EBITDA for 2022:**

From the income statement (2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01):

Profit Loss From Operating Activities (EBIT): 641,338,000 EUR

I need to add back:
- Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss: 479,186,000 EUR

So EBITDA = EBIT + Depreciation and Amortization = 641,338,000 + 479,186,000 = 1,120,524,000 EUR

Wait - let me verify this. "Profit Loss From Operating Activities" in many European reports is actually EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes). Let me check if this is correct.

Looking at the structure:
- Revenue And Operating Income: 2,312,476,000 EUR
- Operating Expense: 1,191,952,000 EUR
- Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss: 479,186,000 EUR

Wait, the presentation seems to be:
Revenue And Operating Income: 2,312,476,000
Less: Operating Expense: 1,191,952,000
Less: Depreciation Amortisation...: 479,186,000
= Profit Loss From Operating Activities: 641,338,000

Let me verify: 2,312,476,000 - 1,191,952,000 - 479,186,000 = 641,338,000 ✓

So EBIT = 641,338,000 EUR

EBITDA = EBIT + Depreciation and Amortization = 641,338,000 + 479,186,000 = 1,120,524,000 EUR

But wait - I need to check if "Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss" includes impairment losses that should not be added back. In standard EBITDA, we add back depreciation and amortization, but impairment losses are sometimes treated differently.

Looking at the cash flow statement:
- Adjustments For Depreciation And Amortisation Expense: 478,290,000 EUR
- Adjustments For Impairment Loss Reversal Of Impairment Loss: 895,000 EUR

So the total 479,186,000 includes 895,000 of impairment loss (net). For EBITDA, we typically add back only depreciation and amortization, not impairment losses on goodwill or other assets.

Actually, standard EBITDA calculation: 
- Start with Operating Profit (EBIT)
- Add back Depreciation and Amortization of tangible and intangible assets
- Do NOT add back impairment losses (they are excluded from operating profit in some definitions, or included)

But in practice, many analysts add back all depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges to get a cleaner operating metric. Let me check S&P methodology.

S&P Global typically defines EBITDA as:
EBITDA = Operating income before depreciation and amortization + other non-operating income/expense adjustments

Actually, S&P typically uses "adjusted EBITDA" which includes addbacks for various items. But for a basic calculation from financial statements:

Standard approach: EBITDA = EBIT + Depreciation + Amortization

From the cash flow adjustments:
- Depreciation and Amortization: 478,290,000 EUR

So EBITDA = 641,338,000 + 478,290,000 = 1,119,628,000 EUR

Or if using the full 479,186,000 from P&L: 641,338,000 + 479,186,000 = 1,120,524,000 EUR

The difference is small (895,000), so I'll use the cash flow figure which is cleaner: 1,119,628,000 EUR.

Actually, let me recalculate more carefully. The P&L line "Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss" is 479,186,000. The cash flow shows "Adjustments For Depreciation And Amortisation Expense" as 478,290,000 and "Adjustments For Impairment Loss" as 895,000. So total is 479,185,000 (rounding difference of 1,000).

For EBITDA, I'll use EBIT + D&A = 641,338,000 + 478,290,000 = 1,119,628,000 EUR.

But wait - I need to check if "Profit Loss From Operating Activities" is truly EBIT. Let me look at the finance costs and income.

Finance Costs: 61,367,000
Finance Income: 4,043,000
Gains On Change In Fair Value Of Derivatives: 1,049,000

Profit Loss Before Tax = 588,495,000

Check: 641,338,000 - 61,367,000 + 4,043,000 + 1,049,000 + 662,000 + 48,000 + 2,722,000 = ?

Hmm, let me trace through:
Profit Loss From Operating Activities: 641,338,000
Less: Finance Costs: 61,367,000
Add: Finance Income: 4,043,000
Add: Gains On Change In Fair Value Of Derivatives: 1,049,000
Add: Effect Of Valuation Using Equity Method: 662,000
Add: Revenue From Dividends: 48,000
Add: Other Income Expense From Equity Investments: 2,722,000
= 588,495,000 (Profit Loss Before Tax)

Check: 641,338,000 - 61,367,000 + 4,043,000 + 1,049,000 + 662,000 + 48,000 + 2,722,000 = 588,495,000 ✓

Yes, so Profit Loss From Operating Activities is indeed EBIT.

**Net Debt calculation:**

I need to be more careful about what constitutes debt in S&P methodology. Let me look at all potential debt items at 2023-01-01:

Financial liabilities:
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities: 142,437,000
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities (Related Parties): 118,000
- Other Current Financial Liabilities: 290,000
- Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities: 6,402,913,000
- Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities (Related Parties): -2,048,000 (negative, so this reduces debt)
- Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 34,000

Total = 142,437,000 + 118,000 + 290,000 + 6,402,913,000 - 2,048,000 + 34,000 = 6,543,744,000 EUR

Wait, the negative related party amount for long-term debt is interesting. Let me check if I should use the total or just the main figure.

Actually, looking at the data structure, "Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities" 2023-01-01 is 6,402,913,000, and "Related Parties Member" is -2,048,000. This suggests the total includes a related party component that is negative (perhaps a receivable from related party recorded as negative liability, or a repayment).

For S&P methodology, I should use the total financial debt as reported. Let me use:
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities: 142,437,000 (total, including related parties if the main figure is total)
  
Actually, I need to understand the structure better. The "Related Parties Member" is likely a breakdown, not an addition. So:
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities: 142,437,000 (of which 118,000 is related parties)
- Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities: 6,402,913,000 (of which -2,048,000 is related parties)

So total is just the main figure: 142,437,000 + 6,402,913,000 = 6,545,350,000 for these two.

Plus:
- Other Current Financial Liabilities: 290,000
- Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 34,000

Total Gross Debt = 6,545,674,000 EUR

**Cash and liquid investments:**
- Cash And Cash Equivalents: 451,946,000
- Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets: 5,770,000

Total = 457,716,000 EUR

Net Debt = 6,545,674,000 - 457,716,000 = 6,087,958,000 EUR

**EBITDA:**
= EBIT + Depreciation and Amortization
= 641,338,000 + 478,290,000 
= 1,119,628,000 EUR

Wait, I need to double-check the D&A figure. The cash flow says "Adjustments For Depreciation And Amortisation Expense" is 478,290,000. But let me verify if this matches the P&L.

P&L: Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss = 479,186,000
Cash flow: Adjustments For Depreciation And Amortisation Expense = 478,290,000
Cash flow: Adjustments For Impairment Loss = 895,000

478,290,000 + 895,000 = 479,185,000 ≈ 479,186,000 ✓

For EBITDA, standard calculation adds back only depreciation and amortization, not impairment. So:
EBITDA = 641,338,000 + 478,290,000 = 1,119,628,000 EUR

But some definitions add back impairment too. Let me check if S&P adds back impairment. In standard S&P methodology, EBITDA typically excludes impairment of goodwill and other items, but depreciation and amortization of normal assets are added back.

Actually, looking more carefully at S&P methodology for Net Debt/EBITDA:
- EBITDA is typically "adjusted EBITDA" which may include various addbacks
- For a basic calculation, EBIT + D&A is standard

Let me use 1,119,628,000 EUR as EBITDA.

Net Debt / EBITDA = 6,087,958,000 / 1,119,628,000 = 5.44

Hmm, but let me reconsider if I need to include other items in debt. What about lease liabilities? In IFRS 16, lease liabilities are included in financial liabilities. Let me check if they're already in the figures I used.

Looking at "Cash Outflow For Leases" in financing activities: 27,865,000 EUR. This confirms leases are financed separately, suggesting they might be in the debt figures.

Also, looking at "Costs For The Use Of Third Party Assets" in P&L: 102,319,000 EUR. This is likely lease expenses for short-term or low-value leases, not included in IFRS 16 lease liabilities.

Given that IFRS 16 is in effect, lease liabilities should be included in financial liabilities. The figures I used likely already include lease liabilities.

But wait - I need to check if there are other debt-like items I missed. Let me look at "Trade And Other Current Payables" - these are operating payables, not debt.

What about pension liabilities? "Noncurrent Provisions For Employee Benefits" = 69,917,000 EUR. These are typically not included in net debt for S&P methodology (they're operating liabilities).

"Other Longterm Provisions" = 144,277,000 EUR - these are likely provisions for risks and charges, not debt.

"Deferred Tax Liabilities" = 91,633,000 EUR - not included in net debt.

So my gross debt figure seems reasonable.

Let me also check if I should use average debt or year-end debt. For 2022 performance, S&P typically uses year-end net debt (or latest available) divided by annual EBITDA.

Actually, I realize I should double-check my debt calculation. Let me look at beginning of 2022 as well to see if there was a significant change.

At 2022-01-01:
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities: 591,188,000
- Other Current Financial Liabilities: 290,000
- Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities: 5,785,707,000
- Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 6,283,000

Total Gross Debt (beginning) = 591,188,000 + 290,000 + 5,785,707,000 + 6,283,000 = 6,383,468,000

Cash beginning: 1,391,763,000 + 5,120,000 = 1,396,883,000

Net Debt beginning = 6,383,468,000 - 1,396,883,000 = 4,986,585,000

So net debt increased significantly during 2022, from ~5.0 billion to ~6.1 billion.

For the ratio at end of 2022, I should use end-of-year figures.

Let me recalculate more carefully:

**Gross Debt at 2023-01-01:**
- Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities: 142,437,000
- Other Current Financial Liabilities: 290,000
- Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities: 6,402,913,000
- Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 34,000

Total = 6,545,674,000 EUR

**Liquid Assets at 2023-01-01:**
- Cash And Cash Equivalents: 451,946,000
- Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets: 5,770,000

Total = 457,716,000 EUR

**Net Debt = 6,087,958,000 EUR**

**EBITDA for 2022:**
EBIT = 641,338,000
+ Depreciation and Amortization = 478,290,000
= 1,119,628,000 EUR

**Net Debt / EBITDA = 6,087,958,000 / 1,119,628,000 = 5.437...**

Let me round to 5.44 or check if I need more precision.

Actually, let me reconsider if "Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets" should be deducted. In S&P methodology, "cash and cash equivalents" and "short-term investments" or "marketable securities" are typically deducted. 

The item "Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets" = 5,770,000 EUR seems to be a small amount. Looking at the name, it excludes "Other Current Financial Assets" which is 17,455,000 EUR. So "Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets" likely includes things like short-term deposits, treasury bills, etc. that are fairly liquid.

Should I also deduct "Other Current Financial Assets" = 17,455,000 EUR? These might include derivatives, loans to related parties, etc. Looking at the related party breakdown: "Other Current Financial Assets" "Related Parties Member" = 0 EUR. So the 17,455,000 is all third-party.

For S&P methodology, we typically deduct:
- Cash and cash equivalents
- Short-term liquid investments (marketable securities, short-term deposits)

"Other Current Financial Assets" might include less liquid items like derivatives, trade receivables financing, etc. I should probably not include this unless I know it's liquid.

Let me stick with:
Liquid Assets = 451,946,000 + 5,770,000 = 457,716,000 EUR

But wait - I want to double check the EBITDA calculation once more. Is there any other item I should add back?

Some S&P adjustments for EBITDA:
- Add back non-recurring items
- Add back share-based payments (sometimes)
- Adjust for lease expenses if capitalizing leases differently

Looking at the data, "Adjustments For Sharebased Payments" in cash flow = 7,958,000 EUR. This is already in operating expenses, and for EBITDA, if we start from EBIT, share-based payments are already included in operating expenses and EBIT. Since they're non-cash, some analysts add them back, but standard EBITDA from EBIT doesn't require this adjustment (EBIT already includes them).

Actually, let me verify my EBIT calculation is correct by checking if share-based payments are included in operating expenses.

"Employee Benefits Expense" = 257,492,000 EUR. This likely includes salaries, wages, and possibly share-based payments. The cash flow adjustment for share-based payments of 7,958,000 suggests this is a non-cash expense added back in cash flow, meaning it's included in operating expenses.

But EBIT is already after all operating expenses, so no further adjustment needed for EBITDA calculation (we just add D&A).

Let me also verify if there are any "other" items in the P&L that might need adjustment. Looking at "Other Expense By Nature" = 25,440,000 EUR (with 155,131,000 related parties). This seems to be included in operating expenses.

Actually, wait. Let me look at the operating expense breakdown more carefully:

Operating Expense = 1,191,952,000 EUR

Components:
- Raw Materials And Consumables Used: 154,746,000
- Services Expense: 654,094,000
- Costs For The Use Of Third Party Assets: 102,319,000
- Employee Benefits Expense: 257,492,000
- Net Accrual To Provisions: -1,797,000
- Impairment Loss On Trade Receivables: -342,000
- Other Expense By Nature: 25,440,000

Sum: 154,746,000 + 654,094,000 + 102,319,000 + 257,492,000 + (-1,797,000) + (-342,000) + 25,440,000 = 1,191,952,000 ✓

Good, this checks out.

Now, one more consideration: S&P methodology sometimes uses "adjusted EBITDA" which might add back items like restructuring costs, one-time expenses, etc. Without specific knowledge of these items, I'll use the standard calculation.

Let me also consider if I should use average net debt rather than year-end. Some methodologies use average debt to smooth out seasonal variations. However, for annual report analysis, year-end is most common.

If using average net debt:
Beginning 2022: 4,986,585,000
End 2022: 6,087,958,000
Average: (4,986,585,000 + 6,087,958,000) / 2 = 5,537,271,500

Average Net Debt / EBITDA = 5,537,271,500 / 1,119,628,000 = 4.95

But S&P typically uses year-end or latest available, not average. Let me stick with year-end.

Actually, I want to re-verify my gross debt figure. Let me look more carefully at whether "Other Current Financial Liabilities" and "Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities" should be included.

"Other Current Financial Liabilities" = 290,000 EUR - this is very small, likely accrued interest or similar.
"Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities" = 34,000 EUR - also very small.

These are likely debt-like and should be included.

But I want to check: are there any bank overdrafts or other short-term borrowings not captured? The "Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities" seems to be the main short-term debt figure.

Let me also check if I need to include the current portion of long-term debt. In many balance sheets, this is shown separately. Here, "Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities" likely includes the current portion of long-term debt plus other short-term borrowings.

Actually, looking at the cash flow statement:
"Repayments Of Non Current Financial Debts" = 194,717,000 EUR
This confirms there is non-current debt being repaid, which would have a current portion.

Also: "Assumptions Repayments Of Long Term Financial Debt" = -602,660,000 EUR (negative means repayment)

And: "Cash Flows From Used In Increase Decrease In Current Borrowings" = -347,117,000 EUR (negative means decrease/repayment)

These cash flow items help confirm the debt movements but don't change my balance sheet calculation.

Let me do a final precise calculation:

Net Debt = 6,545,674,000 - 457,716,000 = 6,087,958,000 EUR

EBITDA = 1,119,628,000 EUR

Ratio = 6,087,958,000 / 1,119,628,000 = 5.4373...

Rounded to two decimal places: 5.44

Or should I express as a multiple without decimals? Typically this is shown as x.x or x.xx.

Let me check if there's any reason to adjust EBITDA higher. Looking at the cash flow, there are some items that might suggest adjustments:

"Adjustments For Losses Gains On Disposal Of Noncurrent Assets" = -25,357,000 EUR (negative means gain)

This is a gain on disposal, which would have increased EBIT. Since it's non-recurring, some analysts might exclude it. But in standard EBITDA, we don't typically adjust for gains/losses on disposal unless they're clearly non-operating.

Actually, looking at EBIT: 641,338,000. If there was a gain of 25,357,000 included, then "operating" EBIT excluding this gain would be lower. But gains on disposal of non-current assets are typically considered non-operating or exceptional, so adjusted EBIT might be 641,338,000 - 25,357,000 = 615,981,000, and adjusted EBITDA = 615,981,000 + 478,290,000 = 1,094,271,000.

But S&P doesn't typically make this adjustment unless specified. I'll stick with reported EBIT.

Wait, I need to re-read the cash flow item: "Adjustments For Losses Gains On Disposal Of Noncurrent Assets" = -25,357,000. In the cash flow statement (indirect method), this is an adjustment to net profit. A negative adjustment means it's a gain that was deducted from profit (i.e., it increased profit). So yes, there was a gain of 25,357,000 included in profit.

But this is in the cash flow from operations section, and it affects the starting point (net profit). For EBIT, we need to check if this gain is included in "Profit Loss From Operating Activities" or below.

Looking at the P&L structure, the gain on disposal would typically be in "Other Income" or "Other Expenses" or a separate line. Looking at "Other Revenue And Income" = 129,764,000 EUR, this might include it. Or it could be in "Other Expense By Nature" as a negative expense (i.e., income).

Actually, looking more carefully: "Other Expense By Nature" = 25,440,000 EUR. This is positive, so it's an expense, not income.

The gain might be in "Other Revenue And Income" or could be netted against operating expenses. Without more detail, I'll assume EBIT is correctly stated at 641,338,000.

Let me verify one more time by checking if the numbers tie:

Revenue And Operating Income: 2,312,476,000
Less: Total costs before D&A and finance = ?

Operating Expense: 1,191,952,000
Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss: 479,186,000
Total costs: 1,671,138,000

Operating profit before other items: 2,312,476,000 - 1,671,138,000 = 641,338,000 = EBIT ✓

Good, this confirms EBIT.

Final calculation:
Net Debt / EBITDA = 6,087,958,000 / 1,119,628,000 = 5.437

I'll round to 5.44, or perhaps express as 5.4 if one decimal place is preferred. Let me check standard presentation - typically two decimal places for this ratio.

Actually, let me reconsider one more time if I should include "Other Current Financial Assets" in liquid assets. The item is 17,455,000 EUR. If these are things like derivatives for hedging, they might not be truly liquid. But if they're short-term loans or deposits, they might be.

Given the name "Other Current Financial Assets" and the fact that "Current Financial Assets Excluding Other Current Financial Assets" is a separate line, the "Other" category likely includes less standard items. I'll exclude it to be conservative.

But wait - I want to check one more thing. Is there any "restricted cash" included in Cash And Cash Equivalents that should be excluded? Without specific information, I'll assume all cash is unrestricted.

Also, should I include the negative related party amount in Long Term Financial Liabilities? The main figure is 6,402,913,000 and related party is -2,048,000. If the main figure is the total, then related party is just a breakdown. But if related party is an additional item, then total would be 6,402,913,000 + (-2,048,000) = 6,400,865,000.

Looking at the data structure, I believe "Related Parties Member" is a dimension member that breaks down the total. So the total 6,402,913,000 already includes the -2,048,000 related party amount. The negative suggests that net related party long-term debt is negative (i.e., related party receivable or credit balance).

So my calculation using 6,402,913,000 is correct.

Final answer: 5.44

Wait, I want to do one more verification of the exact arithmetic:

Gross Debt:
142,437,000 + 290,000 + 6,402,913,000 + 34,000 = 6,545,674,000

Liquid Assets:
451,946,000 + 5,770,000 = 457,716,000

Net Debt:
6,545,674,000 - 457,716,000 = 6,087,958,000

EBITDA:
641,338,000 + 478,290,000 = 1,119,628,000

Ratio:
6,087,958,000 / 1,119,628,000 = 5.437284...

Rounded to two decimal places: 5.44

<answer>5.44</answer>