To estimate the FFO / Net Debt ratio for 2022 based on S&P methodology, we need to calculate Funds From Operations (FFO) and Net Debt for the period ending 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01. 1. **Calculate FFO (Funds From Operations):** According to S&P, FFO is generally defined as Net Income plus Depreciation, Amortization, and Impairment, plus other non-cash items (like amortization of deferred revenue), adjusted for changes in working capital and other items. A common simplified formula strictly following S&P's components for this data is: FFO = Profit Loss + Amortisation Depreciation And Provisions + Adjustments For Increase Decrease In Employee Benefit Liabilities + Change In Provision For Risks And Charges + Allocation To Provisions (excluding risks and charges) Let's extract the values for the 2022 period: - Profit Loss: 305,300,000 EUR - Amortisation Depreciation And Provisions: 667,100,000 EUR - Adjustments For Increase Decrease In Employee Benefit Liabilities: -12,700,000 EUR - Change In Provision For Risks And Charges: -27,800,000 EUR - Allocation To Provisions Excluding Change In Provision For Risks And Charges: 188,500,000 EUR FFO = 305,300,000 + 667,100,000 - 12,700,000 - 27,800,000 + 188,500,000 = 1,120,400,000 EUR. 2. **Calculate Net Debt:** Net Debt = Total Financial Debt - Cash and Cash Equivalents. Financial Debt typically includes both current and non-current borrowings and lease liabilities. Let's extract the values as of the end of the period (2023-01-01): - Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 5,689,900,000 EUR - Noncurrent Lease Liabilities: 55,100,000 EUR - Current Financial Liabilities: 650,100,000 EUR - Current Lease Liabilities: 21,300,000 EUR Total Financial Debt = 5,689,900,000 + 55,100,000 + 650,100,000 + 21,300,000 = 6,416,400,000 EUR. Cash and Cash Equivalents (2023-01-01) = 1,942,400,000 EUR. Net Debt = 6,416,400,000 - 1,942,400,000 = 4,474,000,000 EUR. 3. **Calculate FFO / Net Debt Ratio:** Ratio = FFO / Net Debt Ratio = 1,120,400,000 / 4,474,000,000 = 0.2504249... Rounding to two decimal places (as is standard for financial ratios), we get 0.25. 0.25