Let’s go through the S&P methodology step by step. **Funds from Operations (FFO)** is: EBITDA – net financial expenses – current tax expense + dividends from associates – non-controlling interests’ share of FFO (if consolidated) +/- other small adjustments. The key data for 2022: - EBITDA: 1,505,000,000 EUR - Net financial interest: -90,000,000 EUR (finance income 35M – finance costs 125M) - Income tax expense (current portion): We need to estimate current tax from total tax expense. - Total tax expense: 344M EUR - Deferred tax change: Deferred tax assets decreased by 61M (from 424M to 363M), meaning deferred tax liability movement reduced tax expense. - Current tax ≈ total tax + decrease in deferred tax asset = 344M + 61M = 405M EUR (approximation) - Dividends from associates: 2M EUR - Non-controlling interest in profit: -47M (loss attributable to minorities), so effectively an addition in FFO. FFO estimate: 1,505 – 90 – 405 + 2 + 47 = **1,059M EUR**. **Net Debt** (S&P style): Debt – cash – certain liquid assets. - Other non-current financial liabilities: 5,867M - Other current financial liabilities: 1,022M - Total gross debt: 6,889M - Cash and equivalents: 2,584M - Net debt = 6,889 – 2,584 = **4,305M EUR**. **FFO / Net Debt**: 1,059 / 4,305 ≈ 0.246. 0.246