Okay, let’s break this down step-by-step per S&P methodology. **Step 1 – Funds From Operations (FFO)** S&P typically defines FFO as: - EBITDA - Minus net interest expense paid - Minus current tax paid - Minus cash outflows for provisions - Plus/minus adjustments for working capital (but not the full change in operating assets/liabilities like in CFO) From the data, we have EBITDA-level information: `"Profit Loss Before Provisions Amortisation And Impairment Financial Income And Financial Expenses Income Tax Expense And Extraordinary Contribution To The Energy Sector CESE"` = EBITDA 2022: 4,523,539,000 EUR From that, for FFO we subtract: - Finance costs (net) - Income tax and CESE paid - Plus adjustments for JV/associates dividends if not already included, etc. Finance costs net: Finance income: 843,000,000 Finance costs: 1,753,220,000 Net finance cost = 910,220,000 (matches the cash flow adjustment for finance income/cost). Income tax & CESE expense (P&L): 450,024,000 But for FFO we want actual tax paid. The cash flow statement shows “Income Tax And CESE” paid: Cash outflow = 258,849,000 EUR (given as negative in reconciliation to operating cash flow). Also adjust for JV/Associates: We subtract equity income and add dividends received. Joint Ventures And Associates income: 239,429,000 Dividends received: 81,394,000 (from investing activities). So, FFO = EBITDA - Net Interest Paid - Tax Paid - Equity Income from JV/Associates + Dividends from JV/Associates = 4,523,539,000 - (1,753,220,000 - 843,000,000) → net interest paid = 910,220,000 - 258,849,000 - 239,429,000 + 81,394,000 = 4,523,539,000 - 910,220,000 - 258,849,000 - 239,429,000 + 81,394,000 = 3,196,435,000 EUR **Step 2 – Net Debt** S&P net debt = Short-term borrowings + Long-term borrowings - Cash and cash equivalents + Adjustments (like leases, pensions, etc.). From balance sheet: Long-term borrowings: 15,782,604,000 Current borrowings: 4,239,869,000 Less: Cash: 4,900,205,000 But S&P also includes lease liabilities, adjustments for pensions (net deficit), and other debt-like items. Right-of-use assets = lease liabilities measure: 1,320,270,000 (we take this as debt). Pension deficit: Noncurrent provisions for employee benefits: 644,299,000 Current provisions for employee benefits: 126,767,000 We can take the total = 771,066,000 and apply standard S&P treatment (often only unfunded portion counts — we assume all as debt for conservative measure). Thus, Net debt = 15,782,604,000 + 4,239,869,000 + 1,320,270,000 + 771,066,000 - 4,900,205,000 = 17,213,604,000 EUR **Step 3 – Ratio** FFO / Net Debt = 3,196,435,000 / 17,213,604,000 ≈ 0.1857 0.1857