To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for 2022 based on the S&P methodology, I need to:

1.  **Calculate EBITDA** for the period 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01.
2.  **Calculate Net Debt** as of 2023-01-01.
3.  **Divide** Net Debt by EBITDA.

**Step 1: Calculate EBITDA**
EBITDA is generally calculated as "Profit Loss From Operating Activities" + "Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss".
From the data:
*   Profit Loss From Operating Activities (2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01) = 641,338,000 EUR
*   Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss (2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01) = 479,186,000 EUR

*EBITDA = 641,338,000 + 479,186,000 = 1,120,524,000 EUR*

**Step 2: Calculate Net Debt (S&P Methodology)**
S&P methodology typically defines Net Debt as:
**Debt** (Short-term + Long-term borrowings, including current portion of long-term debt and finance leases)
*Minus*
**Cash and Cash Equivalents**.
Sometimes S&P adjusts for readily monetizable current financial assets, restricted cash, etc., but based on standard calculation using the provided items:

*   Cash and Cash Equivalents (2023-01-01) = 451,946,000 EUR
*   Short-term Financial Liabilities (2023-01-01):
    *   Short Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Current Financial Liabilities = 142,437,000 EUR
    *   Other Current Financial Liabilities = 290,000 EUR
*   Long-term Financial Liabilities (2023-01-01):
    *   Long Term Financial Liabilities Excluding Other Non Current Financial Liabilities = 6,402,913,000 EUR
    *   Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities = 34,000 EUR

*Total Debt = 142,437,000 + 290,000 + 6,402,913,000 + 34,000 = 6,545,674,000 EUR*
*Net Debt = 6,545,674,000 - 451,946,000 = 6,093,728,000 EUR*

**Step 3: Calculate Ratio**
*Net Debt / EBITDA = 6,093,728,000 / 1,120,524,000*
*Ratio ≈ 5.438*

<answer>5.44</answer>