To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for 2022 according to S&P methodology, I need to calculate **Net Debt** and **EBITDA** for the fiscal year 2022 (2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01).

**1. EBITDA**
From the data:  
"EBITDA" 2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01: 3,160,679,000 EUR

**2. Net Debt (S&P Methodology)**
S&P’s standard calculation for net debt typically includes:
- Short-term and long-term financial debt (loans, bonds, leases)
- + Derivatives liabilities (net of derivative assets), if material
- - Cash and cash equivalents
- +/- Other adjustments (pension deficits, guarantees, etc.)

However, based *only* on the provided data, a simplified but standard net debt calculation is:

Debt items (end of period 2023-01-01):
- Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 2,844,559,000
- Current Financial Liabilities: 1,109,297,000
- Lease liabilities (Right-of-use assets are shown, which correspond to lease liabilities under IFRS 16; these are included in the financial liabilities figures above, so no separate addition is needed to avoid double counting).

Deduct:
- Cash and Cash Equivalents: 409,252,000

Derivative treatment (S&P often adjusts, but here netting derivative assets vs. liabilities is common):
- Current + Noncurrent Derivative Financial Assets: 437,341,000 + 1,833,683,000 = 2,271,024,000
- Current + Noncurrent Derivative Financial Liabilities: 1,069,177,000 + 1,491,588,000 = 2,560,765,000

Because derivative liabilities exceed derivative assets, this represents a net liability that S&P might add to debt. Net derivative liability = 2,560,765,000 - 2,271,024,000 = 289,741,000.

**Net Debt Calculation:**
Total Debt = 2,844,559,000 + 1,109,297,000 = 3,953,856,000
Add Net Derivative Liability = 289,741,000
Less Cash = -409,252,000

Net Debt = 3,953,856,000 + 289,741,000 - 409,252,000 = 3,834,345,000 EUR

**3. Ratio**
Net Debt / EBITDA = 3,834,345,000 / 3,160,679,000 ≈ 1.213

<answer>1.213</answer>