S&P-style FFO / Net debt can be approximated from the provided annual report facts as: - **FFO proxy**: cash flow from operations before working-capital movements and before cash taxes/CESE. - Starting point: **Cash flows from / used in operations** = 4,200.324 million - Working-capital related items included in operating cash flow: - Trade and other receivables: +405.817 million - Trade and other payables: +766.260 million - Personnel working capital: -142.137 million - Regulatory assets working capital: +502.859 million - Net working-capital contribution = 405.817 + 766.260 - 142.137 + 502.859 = **1,532.799 million** - Remove working-capital benefit: 4,200.324 - 1,532.799 = **2,667.525 million** - Add back income tax and CESE cash outflow included in operating cash flow: +258.849 million - Estimated **FFO** = 2,667.525 + 258.849 = **2,926.374 million EUR** For **net debt**, use borrowings less cash and cash equivalents: - Long-term borrowings = 15,782.604 million - Current borrowings and current portion of non-current borrowings = 4,239.869 million - Gross financial debt = 20,022.473 million - Cash and cash equivalents = 4,900.205 million - Estimated **net debt** = 20,022.473 - 4,900.205 = **15,122.268 million EUR** Therefore: - **FFO / Net debt** = 2,926.374 / 15,122.268 = **0.1935**, or about **19.4%** 19.4%