To estimate **FFO / Net debt** using an S&P-style approach: 1. **Funds from operations (FFO)** is approximated as: - Cash flow from operations before working-capital movements and before cash interest/taxes effects, or more simply from the cash-flow statement: - Start with **cash flows from operating activities**: \(1,566.829\) million EUR - Remove the positive working-capital contribution: \(574.568\) million EUR - This gives a rough FFO estimate: \(1,566.829 - 574.568 = 992.261\) million EUR So, estimated **FFO ≈ 992.3 million EUR**. 2. **Net debt** is approximated as financial debt less cash and cash equivalents: - Noncurrent financial liabilities: \(5,543.755\) million EUR - Current financial liabilities: \(1,705.277\) million EUR - Cash and cash equivalents: \(794.824\) million EUR Net debt: \[ 5,543.755 + 1,705.277 - 794.824 = 6,454.208 \] So, estimated **net debt ≈ 6,454.2 million EUR**. 3. **FFO / Net debt**: \[ \frac{992.261}{6,454.208} = 0.1537 \] Expressed as a percentage, this is approximately **15.4%**. 15.4