To determine the S&P's adjusted leverage trend for Electricité de France (EDF) for 2022, we first need to estimate the Net Debt and EBITDA for the years 2021 and 2022. **Year 2021:** - **EBITDA:** We use the "Operating Profit Before Depreciation And Amortisation" which was **€18,005 million**. - **Net Debt:** Can be approximated by taking Current and Noncurrent Financial Liabilities minus Cash and Cash Equivalents. - Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: €56,543 million - Other Current Financial Liabilities: €45,014 million - Total Financial Debt = €101,557 million - Cash and Cash Equivalents: €9,919 million - **Net Debt (2021)** = 101,557 - 9,919 = **€91,638 million** - **Net Debt / EBITDA (2021):** €91,638 million / €18,005 million = **~5.09x** **Year 2022:** - **EBITDA:** The "Operating Profit Before Depreciation And Amortisation" collapsed to **-€4,986 million** (driven by soaring "Expense Fuel Energy And Transmission Charges" which jumped from €44.3 billion to €121.0 billion). - **Net Debt:** - Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: €71,058 million - Other Current Financial Liabilities: €71,844 million - Total Financial Debt = €142,902 million - Cash and Cash Equivalents: €10,948 million - **Net Debt (2022)** = 142,902 - 10,948 = **€131,954 million** - **Net Debt / EBITDA (2022):** With an EBITDA turning deeply negative and Net Debt significantly increasing, the absolute ratio becomes Not Meaningful (NM), representing a functional movement towards infinity (or an undefined state of extreme distress). The year-on-year dynamic shows debt surging by over €40 billion while operating profitability (EBITDA) reversed by roughly €23 billion into a massive deficit. This creates a functional spike in the leverage metric that vastly exceeds the +0.3x threshold for a stable profile. Consequently, EDF's leverage profile materially deteriorated. Deteriorating