To estimate the FFO (Funds From Operations) to Net Debt ratio for Fortum Oyj for the year 2022 (ending 2023-01-01), we follow the standard S&P Global Ratings methodology: 1. **FFO Calculation**: * **Operating Cash Flow (Continuing Operations)**: 2,104,000,000 EUR * **Adjust for Working Capital changes**: We subtract the change in working capital (an inflow of 219,000,000 EUR) to get back to the core operational generation before working capital volatility. * **FFO** = Operating Cash Flow (Continuing) - Change in Working Capital * **FFO** = 2,104,000,000 - 219,000,000 = 1,885,000,000 EUR. 2. **Net Debt Calculation**: * **Debt**: * Noncurrent financial liabilities (Other noncurrent financial liabilities + Noncurrent derivative financial liabilities + Other noncurrent liabilities) = 3,658,000,000 + 756,000,000 + 121,000,000 = 4,535,000,000 EUR. * Current financial liabilities (Other current financial liabilities + Current derivative financial liabilities + Margin liabilities) = 4,127,000,000 + 3,973,000,000 + 352,000,000 = 8,452,000,000 EUR. * Total Debt = 4,535,000,000 + 8,452,000,000 = 12,987,000,000 EUR. * **Cash and Liquid Funds**: * Liquid Funds = 3,919,000,000 EUR. * **Net Debt** = Total Debt - Liquid Funds * **Net Debt** = 12,987,000,000 - 3,919,000,000 = 9,068,000,000 EUR. 3. **FFO / Net Debt Ratio**: * Ratio = 1,885,000,000 / 9,068,000,000 ≈ 0.20787... Expressed as a percentage or decimal, the result is approximately 0.2079. 0.2079