To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for EDP, S.A. for 2022 using the S&P methodology, we first determine the components:

**1. EBITDA Calculation:**
S&P typically defines EBITDA as Operating Income plus Depreciation & Amortization. 
*   "Profit Loss Before Financial Income And Financial Expenses Income Tax Expense And Extraordinary Contribution To The Energy Sector CESE" is 2,529,993,000 EUR (Operating Profit).
*   "Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment Loss Reversal Of Impairment Loss Recognised In Profit Or Loss" is 1,979,007,000 EUR.
*   "Provisions Expenses" (often added back to calculate cash EBITDA) is 14,539,000 EUR.
*   EBITDA = 2,529,993,000 + 1,979,007,000 + 14,539,000 = 4,523,539,000 EUR. (Note: The line item "Profit Loss Before Provisions Amortisation And Impairment Financial Income And Financial Expenses Income Tax Expense And Extraordinary Contribution To The Energy Sector CESE" confirms this exactly: 4,523,539,000 EUR).

**2. Net Debt Calculation:**
Net Debt is typically Total Debt minus Cash and Cash Equivalents.
*   Total Debt = Long-term borrowings (15,782,604,000) + Current borrowings and current portion of non-current borrowings (4,239,869,000) = 20,022,473,000 EUR.
*   Cash and Cash Equivalents = 4,900,205,000 EUR.
*   Net Debt = 20,022,473,000 - 4,900,205,000 = 15,122,268,000 EUR.

**3. Ratio Calculation:**
*   Net Debt / EBITDA = 15,122,268,000 / 4,523,539,000 ≈ 3.34299.

Rounding to typical financial reporting precision (two decimal places): 3.34.

<answer>3.34</answer>