To estimate Moody’s adjusted leverage trend for 2022, we need to calculate the leverage ratio (Adjusted Debt / Adjusted EBITDA or similar metric) for the years 2021 and 2022 and compare them. Moody's typically uses Debt / EBITDA or Debt / (EBITDA - CapEx) or similar variations. A common standard proxy is Net Debt / EBITDA or Gross Debt / EBITDA. Let's look at the components available. **1. Calculate Adjusted Debt (Proxy: Net Financial Debt)** Moody's often looks at Gross Debt minus Cash, or sometimes just Gross Debt depending on the sector. For utilities like Red Eléctrica, Net Debt is a strong indicator. * **For 2022 (Year ended 2022-12-31, data at 2023-01-01 represents the end of 2022):** * Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 5,543,755,000 EUR * Current Financial Liabilities: 1,705,277,000 EUR * Total Gross Debt = 5,543,755,000 + 1,705,277,000 = 7,249,032,000 EUR * Cash and Cash Equivalents: 794,824,000 EUR * **Net Debt 2022** = 7,249,032,000 - 794,824,000 = **6,454,208,000 EUR** * **For 2021 (Year ended 2021-12-31, data at 2022-01-01 represents the end of 2021):** * Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 5,953,434,000 EUR * Current Financial Liabilities: 2,144,425,000 EUR * Total Gross Debt = 5,953,434,000 + 2,144,425,000 = 8,097,859,000 EUR * Cash and Cash Equivalents: 1,574,427,000 EUR * **Net Debt 2021** = 8,097,859,000 - 1,574,427,000 = **6,523,432,000 EUR** * **Trend in Debt:** Net Debt decreased slightly from ~6.52B to ~6.45B. **2. Calculate EBITDA (Proxy)** EBITDA = Profit from Operating Activities + Depreciation & Amortization. Note: "Profit Loss From Operating Activities" is often EBIT. Let's verify. Operating Profit (EBIT) 2022: 961,554,000 EUR Depreciation and Amortisation 2022: 544,992,000 EUR **EBITDA 2022** = 961,554,000 + 544,992,000 = **1,506,546,000 EUR** Operating Profit (EBIT) 2021: 991,970,000 EUR Depreciation and Amortisation 2021: 522,114,000 EUR **EBITDA 2021** = 991,970,000 + 522,114,000 = **1,514,084,000 EUR** * **Trend in EBITDA:** EBITDA decreased slightly from ~1.514B to ~1.507B. **3. Calculate Leverage Ratio (Net Debt / EBITDA)** * **2021 Leverage:** 6,523,432,000 / 1,514,084,000 ≈ **4.31x** * **2022 Leverage:** 6,454,208,000 / 1,506,546,000 ≈ **4.28x** The leverage ratio decreased marginally from 4.31x to 4.28x. Let's also look at Gross Debt / EBITDA to be sure, as some definitions vary. * **2021 Gross Leverage:** 8,097,859,000 / 1,514,084,000 ≈ **5.35x** * **2022 Gross Leverage:** 7,249,032,000 / 1,506,546,000 ≈ **4.81x** In both Net and Gross terms, the leverage ratio has decreased. A decrease in leverage indicates an **Improving** credit profile regarding leverage. Additionally, looking at the absolute numbers: - Debt decreased significantly in gross terms (from 8.1B to 7.25B). - EBITDA remained relatively stable (slight decrease). - The reduction in debt is the primary driver, leading to lower leverage. Therefore, the trend is Improving. Improving