I need to estimate the FFO / Net Debt ratio for 2022 (the fiscal year ending 2023-01-01). **Step 1: Calculate FFO (Funds From Operations)** FFO is typically calculated as Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization + other non-cash charges. A common approach: FFO = Net Income + Depreciation/Amortization + Impairment losses - Gains on asset sales From the data: - Profit Loss (Net Income) for 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01: 615,000,000 EUR - "Dotacion Amortizacion YVariacion De Provisiones" (Depreciation, amortization, and provision changes): 762,000,000 EUR - "Impairment Loss Reversal Of Impairment Loss Recognised In Profit Or Loss": -15,000,000 EUR (this is a net impairment reversal, so it reduced profit; adding back impairment means we adjust) - "Other Gains Losses": 13,000,000 EUR Alternatively, I can use the cash flow statement approach. FFO is often approximated as: FFO = Cash flows from operating activities - changes in working capital From the cash flow statement: - Cash Flows From Operating Activities: 1,648,000,000 EUR - Increase/Decrease In Working Capital: 135,000,000 EUR (this was added to get to operating cash flows) FFO = 1,648,000,000 - 135,000,000 = 1,513,000,000 EUR Another approach: FFO = Net Income + D&A + non-cash items = 615 + 762 + (-15) + adjustments Let me use the simpler cash flow-based approach: FFO ≈ Operating Cash Flow - Working Capital Changes = 1,648 - 135 = 1,513 million EUR **Step 2: Calculate Net Debt** Net Debt = Total Financial Debt - Cash and Cash Equivalents Financial debt components at 2023-01-01: - Participaciones Preferentes Obligaciones YOtros Valores Negociables No Corrientes: 3,101,000,000 - Noncurrent Portion Of Noncurrent Loans Received: 2,624,000,000 - Noncurrent Lease Liabilities: 439,000,000 - Participaciones Preferentes Obligaciones YOtros Valores Negociables Corrientes: 1,139,000,000 - Current Loans Received And Current Portion Of Noncurrent Loans Received: 553,000,000 - Current Lease Liabilities: 72,000,000 Total Gross Debt (including leases) = 3,101 + 2,624 + 439 + 1,139 + 553 + 72 = 7,928 million EUR If excluding lease liabilities (more traditional): Total Gross Debt = 3,101 + 2,624 + 1,139 + 553 = 7,417 million EUR Cash and Cash Equivalents: 2,360,000,000 EUR Net Debt (including leases) = 7,928 - 2,360 = 5,568 million EUR Net Debt (excluding leases) = 7,417 - 2,360 = 5,057 million EUR **Step 3: FFO / Net Debt** Using net debt including leases: FFO / Net Debt = 1,513 / 5,568 = 0.2718 ≈ 0.27 Using net debt excluding leases: FFO / Net Debt = 1,513 / 5,057 = 0.2992 ≈ 0.30 A common convention includes lease liabilities in net debt. Let me go with the including-leases version: FFO / Net Debt ≈ 1,513 / 5,568 ≈ 0.272 0.27