**Reasoning** 1. **Funds From Operations (FFO)** The most commonly used proxy for FFO in credit analysis is the cash generated by operating activities. From the data: - *Cash Flows From Used In Operating Activities* for the year ending 2023‑01‑01 (FY 2022) = **1 648 000 000 EUR**. 2. **Net Debt** Net debt is total interest‑bearing financial debt minus cash and cash equivalents. - **Financial debt (non‑current)** • Preferred securities (non‑current): 3 101 M EUR • Non‑current loans: 2 624 M EUR • Non‑current lease liabilities: 439 M EUR - **Financial debt (current)** • Preferred securities (current): 1 139 M EUR • Current loans (including current portion of non‑current loans): 553 M EUR • Current lease liabilities: 72 M EUR Total debt = 3 101 + 2 624 + 439 + 1 139 + 553 + 72 = **7 928 M EUR**. - **Cash & cash equivalents** • Cash and cash equivalents: 2 360 M EUR • Short‑term investments classified as cash equivalents: 462 M EUR Total cash = 2 360 + 462 = **2 822 M EUR**. Net debt = 7 928 M EUR – 2 822 M EUR = **5 106 M EUR**. 3. **FFO / Net Debt ratio** \[ \text{FFO / Net Debt} = \frac{1\,648}{5\,106} \approx 0.3229 \] **Final answer** 0.3229