To estimate the FFO / Net Debt ratio for 2022, we need to identify the values for Funds From Operations (FFO) and Net Debt for the year ending 2022 (which corresponds to the period 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01). 1. **Net Debt**: The facts explicitly provide the Net Debt value at the end of the 2022 reporting period. "Net Debt" 2023-01-01: 7440000000 EUR So, Net Debt = 7,440,000,000 EUR. 2. **FFO (Funds From Operations)**: FFO is typically calculated by taking the Profit (Loss) from continuing operations (or Net Income) and adding back Depreciation, Amortisation, and Impairment losses (non-cash charges). From the facts for the 2022 period: - "Profit Loss From Continuing Operations" 2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01: 1131000000 EUR - "Depreciation And Amortisation Expense" 2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01: 2228000000 EUR - "Depreciation Rightofuse Assets" 2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01: 446000000 EUR - "Impairment Loss Reversal Of Impairment Loss Recognised In Profit Or Loss And Provision Expense" 2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01: 172000000 EUR (This represents the net impairment loss/provision expense added back) Adding these components together: FFO = 1,131,000,000 + 2,228,000,000 + 446,000,000 + 172,000,000 = 3,977,000,000 EUR. *(Note: The cash flow statement also provides an adjustments figure: "Adjustments For Provisions And Adjustments For Depreciation And Amortisation Expense And Impairment Loss Reversal Of Impairment Loss Recognised In Profit Or Loss" of 2,261,000,000 EUR, plus "Adjustments For Depreciation And Other Adjustments Right Of Use Assets" of 424,000,000 EUR, totaling 2,685,000,000 EUR of add-backs. 1,131,000,000 + 2,685,000,000 = 3,816,000,000 EUR. However, the standard accounting definition strictly uses the face-of-the-income-statement D&A and impairment figures which sum to 2,846,000,000 EUR. Using the exact income statement line items yields: 1,131M + 2,228M + 446M + 172M = 3,977M.)* 3. **FFO / Net Debt Ratio**: Using the income statement derived FFO: Ratio = 3,977,000,000 / 7,440,000,000 = 0.5343... Rounding to two decimal places, the ratio is 0.53. 0.53