Moody’s adjusted leverage is typically assessed directionally using debt relative to an earnings/cash-flow measure such as EBITDA or FFO. Using the reported data, Enel’s leverage trend in 2022 appears to have worsened. Key indicators: - Debt increased materially: - Long-term borrowings rose from €54.5bn to €68.2bn. - Short-term borrowings rose from €13.3bn to €18.4bn. - Current portion of long-term borrowings declined from €4.0bn to €2.8bn. - Total borrowings therefore increased from about €71.8bn to about €89.4bn, up roughly €17.6bn. - Operating performance improved, but not enough to offset debt growth: - Operating profit increased from €7.6bn to €11.2bn. - A rough EBITDA proxy using operating profit plus depreciation/amortisation/impairment rose from about €16.1bn to €18.6bn. - This is an increase of about 15%, while total borrowings increased about 25%. - Estimated debt / EBITDA worsened: - 2021: €71.8bn / €16.1bn ≈ 4.5x - 2022: €89.4bn / €18.6bn ≈ 4.8x - Cash flow also weakened: - Operating cash flow declined from €9.9bn to €8.7bn. - Investing cash outflows increased from €10.9bn to €13.6bn. - This suggests weaker internal funding and greater reliance on debt. Although revenue and operating profit increased significantly, the sharper increase in borrowings and weaker operating cash flow indicate a deteriorating adjusted leverage profile. Deteriorating