To estimate **Net Debt / EBITDA for 2022 using an S&P-style approach**, use adjusted debt including lease liabilities, less cash, and EBITDA approximated from operating profit plus depreciation and amortisation.

**1. Debt components at 2022 year-end / 2023-01-01**

- Long-term borrowings: €19,006m  
- Short-term borrowings: €709m  
- Noncurrent lease liabilities: €574m  
- Current lease liabilities: €155m  

Gross debt including leases:

\[
19{,}006 + 709 + 574 + 155 = 20{,}444\text{ m}
\]

**2. Less cash and cash equivalents**

- Cash and cash equivalents: €6,547m

Net debt:

\[
20{,}444 - 6{,}547 = 13{,}897\text{ m}
\]

**3. EBITDA estimate**

Starting with operating profit/loss:

- Profit/loss from operating activities: -€976m  
- Depreciation and amortisation expense: €1,233m  

EBITDA:

\[
-976 + 1{,}233 = 257\text{ m}
\]

**4. Net Debt / EBITDA**

\[
\frac{13{,}897}{257} = 54.07
\]

So, the estimated **Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for 2022** is approximately **54.1x**.

<answer>54.1</answer>