To determine the trend of Moody's adjusted leverage for TERNA S.P.A. in 2022, we analyze the Adjusted Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio for both 2021 and 2022. **1. Calculate Adjusted EBITDA:** *For 2021:* * Operating Income (Profit/Loss From Operating Activities): 1,200,400,000 EUR * Depreciation, Amortisation, and Impairment Loss: 654,400,000 EUR * EBITDA = 1,200,400,000 + 654,400,000 = 1,854,800,000 EUR *For 2022:* * Operating Income (Profit/Loss From Operating Activities): 1,333,500,000 EUR * Depreciation, Amortisation, and Impairment Loss: 725,700,000 EUR * EBITDA = 1,333,500,000 + 725,700,000 = 2,059,200,000 EUR *(EBITDA grew by roughly 11%)* **2. Calculate Adjusted Debt:** *For 2021:* * Long-term Borrowings: 8,835,000,000 EUR * Short-term Borrowings: 1,947,000,000 EUR * Current Portion of Long-term Borrowings: 1,640,000,000 EUR * Basic Total Debt = 12,422,000,000 EUR *For 2022:* * Long-term Borrowings: 8,416,700,000 EUR * Short-term Borrowings: 444,100,000 EUR * Current Portion of Long-term Borrowings: 1,909,300,000 EUR * Basic Total Debt = 10,770,100,000 EUR *(Note: Terna issued a 989,000,000 EUR perpetual hybrid bond in 2022, which Moody's typically treats as 50% equity and 50% debt. Adding 50% (494,500,000 EUR) brings the adjusted debt to roughly 11,264,600,000 EUR. Even considering the hybrid treatment, total debt has significantly decreased.)* **3. Leverage Ratio (Debt / EBITDA):** * 2021 Leverage: 12,422.0 M / 1,854.8 M ≈ 6.70x * 2022 Leverage: 11,264.6 M / 2,059.2 M ≈ 5.47x (or ≈ 5.23x without hybrid adjustments) With robust EBITDA generation and a substantial reduction in total borrowings (bolstered by the issuance of hybrid equity components replacing direct debt), the adjusted leverage multiple declined significantly. Consequently, the firm's financial leverage profile has improved. Improving