To estimate the FFO / Net Debt ratio for ERG S.P.A. at the end of 2022, we first determine the Funds From Operations (FFO) and the Net Debt from the provided financial facts. **1. Funds From Operations (FFO)** FFO typically corresponds to the cash generated from operating activities before changes in working capital. Looking at the data, the exact metric is directly provided: * "Cash Flows From Used In Operations Before Changes In Working Capital" (2022-01-01 - 2023-01-01): 616,360,000 EUR. **2. Net Debt** Net Debt is generally calculated as Total Interest-Bearing Debt minus Cash and Cash Equivalents. Under standard IFRS reporting, total debt includes non-current and current financial liabilities measured at amortized cost (typically capturing bank loans and bonds) as well as lease liabilities. From the balance sheet as of 2023-01-01 (which represents the end of 2022): * Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 1,751,255,000 EUR * Noncurrent Lease Liabilities: 150,955,000 EUR * Other Current Financial Liabilities: 389,716,000 EUR * Current Lease Liabilities: 6,362,000 EUR Total Debt = 1,751,255,000 + 150,955,000 + 389,716,000 + 6,362,000 = 2,298,288,000 EUR * Cash And Cash Equivalents: 392,811,000 EUR Net Debt = Total Debt - Cash And Cash Equivalents Net Debt = 2,298,288,000 EUR - 392,811,000 EUR = 1,905,477,000 EUR **3. FFO / Net Debt Ratio** Ratio = FFO / Net Debt Ratio = 616,360,000 / 1,905,477,000 ≈ 0.3235 0.323