To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for EDP, S.A. (2022) based on the S&P methodology, we first need to determine the Adjusted Net Debt and the Adjusted EBITDA using the standard S&P Global Ratings adjustments.

**1. Calculate S&P Adjusted EBITDA:**
S&P typically starts with the reported EBITDA. The provided line item perfectly aligned with this is:
* "Profit Loss Before Provisions Amortisation And Impairment Financial Income And Financial Expenses Income Tax Expense And Extraordinary Contribution To The Energy Sector CESE" = €4,523,539,000.

**2. Calculate S&P Adjusted Net Debt:**
The S&P methodology for Net Debt includes reported financial debt and adds debt-like obligations such as underfunded pension liabilities and asset retirement obligations (which are captured under provisions).
* **Reported Borrowings:** 
  Long-term Borrowings (€15,782,604,000) + Current Borrowings (€4,239,869,000) = €20,022,473,000
* **Add Post-Retirement / Pension Benefits:**
  Noncurrent Provisions For Employee Benefits (€644,299,000) + Current Provisions For Employee Benefits (€126,767,000) = €771,066,000
* **Add Asset Retirement / Other Provisions:**
  Other Longterm Provisions (€922,059,000) + Other Shortterm Provisions (€51,285,000) = €973,344,000
* **Total S&P Adjusted Gross Debt:**
  €20,022,473,000 + €771,066,000 + €973,344,000 = €21,766,883,000

Next, S&P generally subtracts highly liquid, accessible cash:
* **Less Cash and Cash Equivalents:** €4,900,205,000
* **S&P Adjusted Net Debt:** €21,766,883,000 - €4,900,205,000 = €16,866,678,000

*(Note: S&P generally treats US tax-equity partnerships [Institutional Partnerships] as equity rather than debt, so these are excluded from the Adjusted Debt.)*

**3. Calculate the Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio:**
Ratio = €16,866,678,000 / €4,523,539,000 ≈ 3.7286

Rounding to two decimal places, we get 3.73.

<answer>3.73</answer>