To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio based on the S&P Capital IQ methodology, we first calculate the standard Net Debt and EBITDA from the provided financial facts. **1. S&P Net Debt Calculation** Under standard S&P Capital IQ methodology, Net Debt is defined as Total Debt minus Cash and Cash Equivalents. Total Debt includes both short-term and long-term borrowings. * **Long-term Borrowings:** 28,083,000,000 EUR * **Current Borrowings And Current Portion Of Noncurrent Borrowings:** 12,508,000,000 EUR * **Total Debt:** 28,083,000,000 + 12,508,000,000 = 40,591,000,000 EUR We deduct the highly liquid cash: * **Cash And Cash Equivalents:** 15,570,000,000 EUR * **Net Debt:** 40,591,000,000 - 15,570,000,000 = 25,021,000,000 EUR **2. S&P EBITDA Calculation** S&P Capital IQ calculates EBITDA top-down by taking Operating Revenues and deducting Operating Expenses (excluding Depreciation, Amortization, and non-recurring items like impairments or restructuring). * **Revenue:** 93,865,000,000 EUR * **Other Income:** 1,624,000,000 EUR * **Purchases And Operating Derivatives:** -74,535,000,000 EUR * **Employee Benefits Expense:** -8,078,000,000 EUR * **Tax Expense Other Than Income Tax Expense:** -3,380,000,000 EUR *Clean EBIT (Current Operating Income):* 93,865 + 1,624 - 74,535 - 8,078 - 3,380 = 4,309,000,000 EUR To get EBITDA, we add back Depreciation, Amortization And Provisions: * **Depreciation Amortization And Provisions:** 5,187,000,000 EUR * **EBITDA:** 4,309,000,000 + 5,187,000,000 = 9,496,000,000 EUR *(Note: This completely reconciles with adding D&A to the reported standard metric "Current Operating Income Including Operating Mtm" of 4,309,000,000 EUR).* **3. Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio** Ratio = 25,021,000,000 EUR / 9,496,000,000 EUR = 2.6348989... 2.6349