To estimate the Funds From Operations (FFO) to Net Debt ratio for Acciona S.A. for the year 2022 (covering the period 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01), we follow these steps: **1. Estimating FFO (Funds From Operations):** While there are variations in calculating FFO, a common approach for industrial/infrastructure companies is to take the Cash Flow from Operating Activities and adjust for changes in working capital and non-cash items, or to use the EBITDA-based proxy. Using the provided cash flow data: * Cash Flows from Operating Activities: 1,648,000,000 EUR * To get a closer approximation of "Funds from Operations" (which usually excludes working capital fluctuations), we adjust the operating cash flow: * Operating Cash Flow: 1,648,000,000 EUR * Increase/Decrease in Working Capital: 135,000,000 EUR * FFO ≈ Operating Cash Flow - Working Capital Changes = 1,648,000,000 - 135,000,000 = 1,513,000,000 EUR. **2. Estimating Net Debt:** Net Debt is generally calculated as: (Total Financial Liabilities) - (Cash and Cash Equivalents). * Noncurrent financial liabilities (Loans + Lease Liabilities + Marketable Securities): * "Participaciones Preferentes Obligaciones YOtros Valores Negociables No Corrientes1": 3,101,000,000 EUR * "Noncurrent Portion Of Noncurrent Loans Received": 2,624,000,000 EUR * "Noncurrent Lease Liabilities": 439,000,000 EUR * Subtotal Noncurrent: 6,164,000,000 EUR * Current financial liabilities: * "Participaciones Preferentes Obligaciones YOtros Valores Negociables Corrientes": 1,139,000,000 EUR * "Current Loans Received And Current Portion Of Noncurrent Loans Received": 553,000,000 EUR * "Current Lease Liabilities": 72,000,000 EUR * Subtotal Current: 1,764,000,000 EUR * Total Financial Liabilities: 6,164,000,000 + 1,764,000,000 = 7,928,000,000 EUR. * Cash and Cash Equivalents: 2,360,000,000 EUR. * Net Debt = 7,928,000,000 - 2,360,000,000 = 5,568,000,000 EUR. **3. FFO / Net Debt Ratio:** * Ratio = 1,513,000,000 / 5,568,000,000 ≈ 0.2717. 0.2717