To estimate the FFO (Funds From Operations) / Net Debt ratio for VEOLIA ENVIRONNEMENT for the 2022 fiscal year (ending 2023-01-01), we first define the components: 1. **FFO (Funds From Operations):** This is typically calculated as the "Cash Flows From Used In Operations Before Changes In Working Capital". Based on the provided data for the period 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01, this figure is **4,804,300,000 EUR**. 2. **Net Debt:** This is calculated as the sum of current and non-current financial liabilities (excluding concession liabilities and lease liabilities, as per standard utility accounting for FFO/Net Debt ratios) minus cash and cash equivalents and current financial assets. * **Financial Liabilities:** * Non-current financial liabilities excluding concession liabilities: 19,692,100,000 * Current financial liabilities excluding concession liabilities: 6,521,400,000 * Bank Overdrafts and other cash positions: 213,600,000 * Total Gross Debt = 19,692,100,000 + 6,521,400,000 + 213,600,000 = 26,427,100,000 * **Cash and Cash Equivalents:** 9,012,200,000 * **Financial Assets (Liquid/Financing Assets):** The provided data lists "Other Current Financial Assets" (2,213,500,000) and "Current Derivative Financial Assets" (634,400,000). Standard Net Debt calculation deducts liquid financial assets. * Net Debt = 26,427,100,000 - 9,012,200,000 - 2,213,500,000 - 634,400,000 = 14,567,000,000. 3. **Ratio Calculation:** * Ratio = FFO / Net Debt * Ratio = 4,804,300,000 / 14,567,000,000 ≈ 0.3298 *(Note: If only cash and cash equivalents are deducted from gross debt, the net debt is 17,414,900,000. Ratio = 4,804,300,000 / 17,414,900,000 ≈ 0.2759. Given common utility reporting for Veolia, the former calculation is the standard approach.)* 0.3298