To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for ENGIE for the fiscal year 2022 using the S&P methodology, we follow these steps:

**1. Calculate Net Debt (as of 2022-12-31 / 2023-01-01):**
S&P typically defines Net Debt as (Short-term borrowings + Long-term borrowings) - Cash and cash equivalents.
*   Long-term borrowings: 28,083,000,000 EUR
*   Current borrowings and current portion of non-current borrowings: 12,508,000,000 EUR
*   Cash and cash equivalents: 15,570,000,000 EUR
*   Net Debt = (28,083,000,000 + 12,508,000,000) - 15,570,000,000 = 25,021,000,000 EUR

**2. Calculate EBITDA (2022):**
S&P typically derives EBITDA as (Current Operating Income including Operating MTM + Depreciation, Amortization, and Provisions).
*   Current Operating Income including Operating MTM: 4,309,000,000 EUR
*   Depreciation, Amortization, and Provisions: 5,187,000,000 EUR
*   EBITDA = 4,309,000,000 + 5,187,000,000 = 9,496,000,000 EUR

**3. Calculate the Ratio:**
*   Ratio = Net Debt / EBITDA
*   Ratio = 25,021,000,000 / 9,496,000,000 ≈ 2.635

(Note: S&P often makes adjustments for non-recourse debt or hybrid instruments; however, based strictly on the provided financial report data, this is the standard calculation.)

<answer>2.635</answer>